Which option describes how results from summative assessments are typically used?

• A. To modify current lesson plans in real time.
• B. To provide ongoing feedback to students.
• C. To determine whether learning goals were met after instruction.
• D. To inform daily classroom grouping.

Answer: (C)

Summative assessments measure what students have learned after instruction is complete. They provide a final check against the learning goals and are typically used to determine whether those goals were met, often playing a role in grades or accountability. This makes the option that describes evaluating learning after instruction the best fit. The other uses align with formative assessment: adjusting lessons in real time or giving ongoing feedback during learning. While results can inform grouping decisions, the primary purpose of summative assessments is to summarize learning at the end.